Tag: Architecture

Blog entries consisting photography of architecture

  • City of Arts and Sciences: Valencia’s Architectural Masterpiece

    City of Arts and Sciences: Valencia’s Architectural Masterpiece

    The City of Arts and Sciences

    Valencia, a city renowned for its rich history and vibrant culture, is also home to one of Spain’s most futuristic landmarks – the City of Arts and Sciences (Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias). This jaw-dropping architectural complex is more than just a tourist attraction; it’s a cultural and scientific hub that captivates visitors from around the world.

    Nestled in the former Turia Riverbed, the City of Arts and Sciences is a perfect fusion of science, nature, and art. With its sleek, otherworldly structures and cutting-edge exhibitions, this complex has become a symbol of modern Valencia. Whether you’re passionate about science, fascinated by marine life, or simply in awe of stunning architecture, this place has something for everyone.

    In this guide, we’ll explore its history, iconic buildings, and must-see attractions, making sure you get the most out of your visit.

    The City of Arts and Sciences Details

    History of The City of Arts and Sciences

    The City of Arts and Sciences didn’t emerge overnight—it was a bold vision that took decades to bring to life. This ambitious project was conceived in the late 1980s as part of Valencia’s efforts to modernize and redefine its global image. What was once a flood-prone riverbed was transformed into one of Europe’s most impressive cultural and scientific hubs.

    From a Riverbed to an Architectural Icon

    Valencia’s Turia River was prone to severe flooding, and after a devastating flood in 1957, the city decided to divert the river. This left behind a vast, empty space running through the city—an opportunity for reinvention. The regional government envisioned a space dedicated to science, culture, and education, and in 1991, the City of Arts and Sciences project was officially approved.

    Designed by Santiago Calatrava and Félix Candela

    The responsibility of designing this futuristic masterpiece was given to world-renowned Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava, with Félix Candela joining for specific structures like L’Oceanogràfic. The goal? To create a one-of-a-kind complex that would symbolize Valencia’s innovation, creativity, and commitment to knowledge.

    Construction began in 1994, and the first building, L’Hemisfèric, opened in 1998. Over the next decade, more structures followed, each one pushing the boundaries of modern architecture. The complex quickly became a symbol of Valencia, attracting millions of visitors annually.

    Challenges and Controversies

    Despite its global recognition, the City of Arts and Sciences has faced its share of criticism and controversy. The initial budget was far exceeded, and delays led to increasing costs, ultimately reaching nearly €1.3 billion—a huge jump from the original estimates. Some critics also argue that the futuristic designs prioritized aesthetics over functionality, leading to maintenance challenges.

    However, despite these hurdles, the City of Arts and Sciences remains one of Spain’s most celebrated architectural achievements, drawing tourists, scientists, and artists alike.

    L’Hemisfèric

    A Striking Design with a Deeper Meaning

    L’Hemisfèric was the first building to open in the City of Arts and Sciences in 1998. Designed to resemble a giant human eye, it symbolizes the act of seeing and understanding the world. This futuristic structure is surrounded by water, and its reflection creates the illusion of a complete eye, reinforcing its theme of perception and knowledge.

    What’s Inside?

    L’Hemisfèric is home to an IMAX cinema, digital planetarium, and laser show venue, offering immersive audiovisual experiences. Visitors can watch 3D films on nature, space, and science, with a screen as large as a basketball court. The planetarium projections transport viewers to distant galaxies, making it a must-visit for astronomy lovers.

    Why Visit?

    • Experience 3D IMAX movies on a massive screen.
    • Enjoy planetarium shows that explore the universe.
    • Perfect for families and science enthusiasts.

    Museu de les Ciències Príncipe Felipe

    A Building That Looks Like a Whale’s Skeleton

    Opened in 2000, the Science Museum is an architectural marvel, designed to resemble the skeleton of a whale. With its open, airy structure and enormous glass walls, the building itself is a work of science and art.

    A Hands-On Science Experience

    Unlike traditional museums, this one encourages visitors to touch, experiment, and interact with the exhibits. From physics experiments to biological discoveries, the museum offers an engaging way to learn about science in a fun and interactive manner.

    Why Visit?

    • Over 26,000 square meters of interactive science exhibits.
    • Great for kids and adults with hands-on learning.
    • Exhibits on genetics, space, robotics, and more.

    L’Umbracle

    A Living Sculpture of Nature and Architecture

    L’Umbracle is an elegant, arched structure that serves as an open-air botanical garden. This 1,000-meter-long walkway is lined with palm trees, native plants, and sculptures, making it a perfect spot for a peaceful stroll.

    More Than Just a Garden

    At night, L’Umbracle transforms into a stylish open-air nightclub, offering breathtaking views of the City of Arts and Sciences. Whether visiting during the day or at night, it’s a must-see spot for photography lovers.

    Why Visit?

    • Relax in a beautiful Mediterranean garden.
    • Enjoy art exhibitions and sculptures.
    • Stunning city views, especially at sunset.

    L’Oceanogràfic

    A Deep Dive into Marine Life in Europe’s Largest Aquarium

    L’Oceanogràfic is one of the most impressive aquariums in the world, featuring over 500 marine species from the Arctic, Mediterranean, Red Sea, and more. With 45,000 animals, including dolphins, sharks, and beluga whales, this is a paradise for marine lovers.

    What Makes It Special?

    • The largest underwater tunnel in Europe, offering a 360-degree view of sharks and rays.
    • The Dolphinarium, where visitors can watch spectacular dolphin shows.An underwater restaurant, where you can dine surrounded by fish.

    Why Visit?

    • Perfect for families and marine enthusiasts.
    • Explore different ocean ecosystems in one place.
    • Home to exotic species like jellyfish, turtles, and penguins.

    Palau de les Arts Reina Sofia

    An Architectural Masterpiece

    This opera house and performing arts center, opened in 2005, looks like a spaceship from the future. With state-of-the-art acoustics and stunning design, it’s one of the most visually striking buildings in the complex.

    What’s Inside?

    The Palau de les Arts hosts opera, ballet, and classical music performances, attracting world-class artists and musicians. The interior is just as breathtaking as the exterior, featuring four different performance halls designed for optimal sound quality.

    Why Visit?

    • Attend an opera, ballet, or orchestral concert.
    • Explore one of the most unique opera houses in the world.
    • Architectural tours available for those interested in design.

    Montolivet Bridge & Assut de l’Or Bridge

    These two bridges add to the futuristic aesthetic of the City of Arts and Sciences. The Assut de l’Or Bridge, designed by Santiago Calatrava, features a massive white pylon that resembles a harp. The Montolivet Bridge provides easy access to the complex and offers a great view of the entire area.

    Why Visit?

    • Get panoramic views of the City of Arts and Sciences.
    • A great spot for photography, especially at night.
    • A key part of Valencia’s modern urban design.

    Why You Should Visit the City of Arts and Sciences

    The City of Arts and Sciences isn’t just a collection of futuristic buildings—it’s a symbol of Valencia’s transformation into a global destination for innovation, culture, and entertainment. Whether you’re a science enthusiast, architecture lover, or simply a traveler looking for unique experiences, this incredible complex has something for everyone.

    A Must-Visit Destination in Valencia

    If you’re planning a trip to Valencia, this is one attraction you can’t afford to miss. Whether you spend a full day exploring its wonders or just admire the architecture from the outside, the City of Arts and Sciences will leave a lasting impression.

    Here’s why you should visit:

    One-of-a-kind architecture by Santiago Calatrava and Félix Candela.

    Engaging exhibits that make science and technology fun for all ages.

    Unforgettable experiences like walking through Europe’s largest underwater tunnel.

    A perfect mix of education and entertainment for families, solo travelers, and couples.

    Great photo opportunities—especially at night when the buildings are illuminated.


    Plan Your Visit

    If you’re inspired to explore this futuristic wonder, here are a few tips to make the most of your visit:

    • 🎟️ Buy tickets in advance – Popular attractions like L’Oceanogràfic can get busy.
    • 🕘 Visit in the morning or late afternoon to avoid crowds and enjoy the best lighting for photos.
    • 🚲 Rent a bike – The Turia Gardens surrounding the complex are perfect for cycling.
    • 🎭 Check for special events – From opera performances to scientific workshops, there’s always something exciting happening.

    The City of Arts and Sciences is more than just an attraction—it’s an experience. Whether you come for science, nature, architecture, or entertainment, this futuristic masterpiece will leave you in awe.

  • Quart Towers in Valencia: A Historic Landmark

    Quart Towers in Valencia: A Historic Landmark

    Historical Significance

    The Quart Towers have long stood as symbols of Valencia’s enduring spirit and military strategy. Constructed in the 14th century as a vital part of the city’s defensive walls, they were instrumental during the latter stages of the Reconquista. During this period, the towers served as essential lookout points, enabling defenders to spot and repel Moorish offensives. Their elevated positions provided commanding views of approaching enemy forces, making them indispensable in organizing rapid counterattacks and securing the city’s newly consolidated Christian territories.

    During the War of the Two Peters, the towers became even more critical. This conflict pitted the Kingdom of Castile against the Crown of Aragon. Although the war did not end with a single decisive victory, the “Peter” of Aragon ultimately emerged in a stronger position, securing favorable terms and solidifying its influence in the region. Later, during the Spanish War of Independence (1808–1814), the towers once again proved their strategic worth. In this conflict against Napoleonic forces, Spanish resistance—bolstered by British and Portuguese allies—secured a decisive victory that forced the French to withdraw from the peninsula, releasing Spain from Napoleon’s grasp.

    This robust construction allowed them to withstand prolonged sieges, ensuring that Valencia’s inhabitants and cultural heritage remained protected. To this day, you can clearly see the scars from these battles on the Quart Towers, which it proudly carries just as mere scratches.

    Architectural Features

    Built from robust stone with intricate details influenced by Gothic and Renaissance styles, the Quart Towers showcase the engineering excellence of their era. Their enduring design and strategic placement underline innovative medieval construction methods while serving as a captivating example of Valencia’s architectural heritage.

    Visitor Information

    Conveniently located in Valencia’s historic center, the Quart Towers are easily accessible to both tourists and locals. Guided tours are available, offering immersive experiences that de 7h  the towers’ historical context and architectural nuances. With proximity b7  other cultural landmarks, a visit to the Quart Towers provides a well-rounded journey through Valencia’s rich past.

  • 4 UNESCO World Heritage Sites & Events in Valencia

    4 UNESCO World Heritage Sites & Events in Valencia

    About Valencia

    Valencia, a beautiful city located on the southeastern coast of Spain, is home to a rich cultural heritage that is recognized by UNESCO. This vibrant city boasts four UNESCO World Heritage subjects that showcase its historical and architectural significance. One of them is honored in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites and the other three are marked among the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Naturally, the Valencian culture extends beyond the boundaries of the city, and some of the heritage can be observed and appreciated well beyond the city walls. Nevertheless, Valencia is a perfect example of a city and its peoples transcending cultural habits from over millennia, making it an exceptional cradle of the physical and intangible cultural heritage of Humanity.

    Lonja de la Seda de Valencia

    The Lonja de la Seda, or the Silk Exchange, is an emblematic symbol of Valencia’s golden age, a period marked by economic and cultural prosperity. Built between 1482 and 1533, this complex of buildings was originally the heart of the silk trade in the city, a bustling center of commerce and social interaction. Its stunning Gothic architecture is not just a visual treat but a narrative of Valencia’s historical significance. The grand Sala de Contratación, or the Contract Hall, is the crown jewel of this complex. This magnificent hall, with its spiraled columns reaching towards the heavens, is a testament to the power and wealth Valencia held as a major Mediterranean mercantile city during the 15th and 16th centuries.

    Details

    • Architect: Pere Compte
    • Style: Valencian Gothic
    • Date of Construction: 1482-1533.
    • Date of Inscription: 1996
    • Type: World Heritage Site
    • Location: Plaza del Mercado, 31, 46001 Valencia, Spain
    • Visit hours: 10 AM – 7 PM (10 AM – 2 PM on Sundays)
    • Official UNESCO site: Lonja de la seda de Valencia

    Valencia Lonja de la Seda
    1890 Photoglob Co., publisher, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

    Architectural and Historical Significance

    The Lonja de la Seda is a masterpiece that encapsulates the essence of late Gothic architecture. Its design and construction reflect the secular spirit and the cultural richness of the Mediterranean region during that era. The building’s façade, adorned with intricate carvings and gothic motifs, narrates stories of a bygone era. Inside, the lavish detailing and the grandiose columns of the Sala de Contratación create an almost cathedral-like atmosphere, symbolizing the secular power and economic strength of Valencia. This architectural marvel not only served as a commercial hub but also became a social and cultural gathering place, influencing the urban landscape of Valencia.

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    Contemporary Relevance

    Today, it is not only a tourist attraction but also a cultural landmark that continues to inspire awe and admiration. Its inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list in 1996 has helped in its preservation and has brought global recognition to Valencia’s rich cultural and historical heritage.


    Valencia Fallas Festivity

    The Fallas Festivity in Valencia is an annual explosion of color, art, and communal joy, deeply rooted in the local culture and celebrated with unbridled enthusiasm. Inscribed in 2016 as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO, this event, held from March 14 to 19, is a vibrant testament to the community spirit and artistic creativity of Valencia. The festivity’s centerpiece, the giant falla, is an awe-inspiring monument composed of ninots – caricature figures created by local artists that provide a satirical commentary on current social issues. These towering structures, set ablaze in a ritual of renewal and purification, symbolize the onset of spring and the rejuvenation of social activities.

    Details

    • Date of Inscription: 2016
    • Type: The Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
    • Date of Event: March 14-19
    • Official UNESCO site: Valencia Fallas festivity

    Cultural Significance and Community Involvement

    The Valencia Fallas Festivity is much more than a mere spectacle; it’s a profound expression of local identity and community pride. Each year, neighborhoods come together to construct these elaborate ninots, fostering a sense of unity and cooperation. The Fallas Queen, a winner fallera elected annually, plays a pivotal role in promoting the festivity, embodying the spirit of Valencia and encouraging participation. This festival is not just a celebration; it’s a living tradition, passed down through generations, especially within families who are integral to the construction of the ninots. These families often belong to different guilds, each contributing their unique skills to the festivity. The festival is so popular that cities from neighboring provinces, like Burriana or Fallas in Denia, started to celebrate it as well.

    Virgin Mary in Denia Fallas 2023, Valencia, Spain
    In march 17 the local people dress-up in traditional clothing to bring flowers to the Virgin Mary. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    Social Impact and Language Preservation

    Historically, the Fallas Festivity has served as a crucial platform for preserving the Valencian language, especially during periods when its use was restricted. This cultural event strengthens community bonds, enhances social cohesion, and provides an outlet for collective creativity. The intricate process of creating the ninots and the elaborate preparations for the festivity play a crucial role in safeguarding traditional arts and crafts. The festival’s communal meals, parades, and fireworks further enrich the social tapestry of Valencia, making it a focal point of cultural identity.

    A burning Falla in Denia, Valencia, Spain
    By the end of the day, or rather festivity, all Fallas are burned. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    Contemporary Relevance

    Today, the Fallas Festivity stands as a vibrant symbol of Valencia’s rich cultural heritage, attracting visitors from around the world. Its recognition by UNESCO underscores its significance not just to Valencia, but as a cultural treasure of humanity. The festival’s ability to adapt while maintaining its core traditions is a testament to the resilience and vibrancy of the Valencian community.


    Irrigators’ Tribunals of the Spanish Mediterranean Coast

    The irrigators’ tribunals of the Spanish Mediterranean coast, an extraordinary example of living history, date back to the times of al-Andalus (9th to 13th centuries). These ancient judicial bodies, inscribed in 2009 as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, epitomize the enduring legacy of traditional law and water management practices in Valencia and Murcia. The two main tribunals – the Council of Wise Men of the Plain of Murcia and the Water Tribunal of the Plain of Valencia – are not mere historical relics; they are active and respected institutions integral to local community life. Operating under Spanish law, these tribunals democratically elect their members, who then judiciously resolve water-related disputes through oral proceedings.

    Details

    • Date of Inscription: 2009
    • Type: The Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
    • Date of Event: Each Thursday at 12h00, Valencia
    • Location: Tribunal de las Aguas de la Vega de Valencia, Plaza de la Virgen, Valencia, Spain
    • Official UNESCO site: Irrigators’ tribunals of the Spanish Mediterranean coast

    A member of Irrigators' Tribunal of Valencia, Spain
    Operating under Spanish law, these tribunals democratically elect their members, who then judiciously resolve water-related disputes through oral proceedings. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    Cultural and Social Significance

    These tribunals are much more than arbiters of water rights; they are the bedrock of community cohesion and agricultural tradition. The process of resolving disputes is conducted publicly, ensuring transparency and fairness, and has been so for centuries. This visible and participatory nature of the tribunals fosters a deep sense of trust and respect within the community. The rites and rituals that accompany the delivery of judgments are not only a spectacle but also reinforce the historical and cultural significance of these institutions. Moreover, the tribunals are celebrated in local iconography, reflecting their embeddedness in the cultural fabric of the region.

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    Synergy and Knowledge Transmission

    The irrigators’ tribunals also play a crucial role in maintaining the synergy among various traditional occupations, such as wardens, inspectors, and pruners. They are living embodiments of centuries-old cultural exchanges, particularly evident in their unique lexicon, enriched with Arabic terms. It makes them not just about water management; the irrigators are custodians of a rich oral tradition and repositories of local and regional identity. The knowledge and practices associated with these tribunals are passed down through generations, ensuring the survival and relevance of these ancient customs in a modern context.

    Irrigators' Tribunal by The Door of the Apostles of the Cathedral in Valencia, Spain
    Irrigators’ Tribunal in Valencia is assembled every Thursday 12 O’Clock by The Door of the Apostles of the Cathedral. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    Contemporary Importance

    In a world rapidly modernizing and often forgetting its roots, the irrigators’ tribunals stand as a testament to the enduring relevance of traditional practices in contemporary society. They exemplify how ancient wisdom, particularly in resource management, can offer valuable lessons and solutions for present-day challenges. As a UNESCO-recognized site, these tribunals not only garner international attention but also remind us of the importance of preserving such unique cultural practices for future generations.


    Manual Bell Ringing

    In the cultural tapestry of Valencia, manual bell ringing holds a unique and resonant place. Recognized in 2022 as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, this tradition is much more than a musical practice; it’s a form of communication deeply embedded in the community’s life. For centuries, the bells of Valencia have served numerous social functions, from marking time to signaling important events and emergencies like fires or floods. The intricate language of bell ringing, with its specific coded messages, is not just understood but cherished by the local communities.

    Details

    • Date of Inscription: 2022
    • Type: The Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
    • Location: Various locations across Valencia
    • Official UNESCO site: Manual bell ringing

    Church of San Juan del Mercado in Valencia, Spain
    Manual bell ringing could be still heard across Valencia in churches like the Church of San Juan del Mercado or the Cathedral. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    Variety and Techniques

    The art of bell ringing in Valencia showcases a rich variety of sounds, each with its own significance and occasion. The diversity in the ringing patterns is attributed to the combination of different techniques like chiming, turning, or half-turning, and the skills of the bell ringers. These sounds are further influenced by the physical characteristics and acoustical properties of the bells, towers, and belfries. This results in a deep and extensive repertoire, encompassing both religious and civic contexts, thereby integrating the art into various facets of community life.

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    Transmission and Preservation

    The transmission of this art form is a testament to the community’s commitment to preserving its cultural heritage. Knowledge and skills of bell ringing are passed down from experienced bell ringers to younger generations, often through formal groups or organizations dedicated to this practice. These groups play a pivotal role not just in ringing the bells but in documenting, researching, and disseminating the art. The involvement of young people in this tradition is particularly noteworthy, as they are not only the custodians of this legacy but also active participants in recruiting new enthusiasts, ensuring the continuity and dynamism of this ancient art.

    Statue of Archbishop Marcelino in Valencia, Spain
    A statue of Archbishop Marcelino in Valencia. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    Contemporary Relevance

    Manual bell ringing in Valencia is more than a tradition; it’s a living, breathing part of the city’s identity. Its recognition by UNESCO underscores its importance not just as a cultural artifact but as a vibrant, continuing practice. In an age dominated by digital communication, the bells of Valencia remind us of the enduring power and beauty of traditional forms of communication and community bonding. As we move forward, preserving and celebrating such traditions becomes ever more crucial in maintaining our connection to our past and to each other.

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  • Top Things to do in Cartagena, Historic Port of Spain

    Top Things to do in Cartagena, Historic Port of Spain

    About Cartagena

    Cartagena is an ancient port city located in the Region of Murcia, southeastern Spain. Cartagena has been inhabited for over two millennia, and its history and culture can be seen in the many archaeological sites and monuments found across the city. Roman ruins, such as the forum, temple, and amphitheater, which together with the Christian Conception Castle from the XIII century AD are some of the most popular tourist attractions in Cartagena. Not to mention the Carthaginian, Byzantine or Moorish remains, and the modern Art Noveau architectural masterpieces scattered throughout the city, which combined make you feel like in open doors museum.

    Cartagena is also home to the Museo Nacional de Arqueología Subacuática, which contains artifacts from the many shipwrecks that have occurred in the area. Cartagena is also the home to the first modern working submarine in the world – The Peral Submarine – which could be seen in Cartagena Naval Museum. The city continues its nautical traditions and hosts a Naval and Oceanic Engineering University and a naval military base. One of the four main military bases of the Spanish Navy and the only one located on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea. This speaks volumes of the city’s strategic importance to whoever possesses it. Naturally, various military ships could be observed docked in the port of Cartagena. Huge tankers, and huge cruise ships are also a common sight. Overall, the second largest city in Murcia is a perfect city for naval, military, and history enthusiasts.

    Palacio Pedreño in Cartagena, Spain
    Palacio Pedreño in the main shopping street of Cartagena. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    Cartagena History

    Cartagena was founded in 229 BC by Hasdrubal Barca under the name of Qart-Hadast. He was a son of Hamilcar Barca and brother-in-law of the legendary Carthaginian general Hannibal Barca, who is often cited as the biggest outside threat that the Roman Republic ever faced. Cartagena was one of the towns founded by the Punics during the expansion of their activities in the Iberian Peninsula after the First Punic War to pay off rather unfair reparations demanded by the Romans after the First Punic War, explaining the ancient mines surrounding the city like the ones in La Union and Mazzaron. It was a minelar rich area, and the peninsula surrounded by the sea, a natural Laguna and mountains seemed like a perfect location for a city. The conditions were so good, that Hasdrubal forseen the town as the Capital of his Iberian Kingdom. He even built a fancy Palace on Molinete Hill, so magnificent that would only fit a King.

    Unfortunately, Qart-Hadast didn’t last for long. The newly-found city was captured by the Romans in 209 BC during the second Punic Wars, 9 years after Hannibal launched the attack from this town against the Roman Republic and their allies in 218. The victors renamed the newly-founded Qart-Hadast to Cartago Nova. The mining opportunities made the town one of the most prosperous settlements in Romana Hispanica. By the end of the I century, the most exposed deposits were depleted but Cartagena remained flourishing during the Roman period – it was an essential port for trade and commerce.

    Post-Roman Times

    After the fall of the Roman Empire, followed the fall of Cartago Nova. The city was sacked and occupied by the Visigoths and later on by the Moors. It was recaptured by the Christians in 1245 and became an important naval base for the Spanish fleet. During the 18th century, Cartagena was a major trading port for goods from the Americas.

    Unfortunately, due to its importance, Cartagena has seen a lot of war. It was the site of a major naval battle in 1741 between the British and the Spanish. Later on, Cartagena was besieged by the French in 1811, and it was bombarded by the British in 1812. The city was partially destroyed during the Cantonal Revolution, captured by the Americans in 1898 during the Spanish-American War. But in the end it was the Spanish Nationalists who did the most damage to the city. During the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), Cartagena was the main naval base of the Republican Government and it was the last city to surrender to the forces of General and future dictator Francisco Franco.

    El Zulo in Cartagena, Spain
    During the Spanish Civil War, Cartagena was the main naval base of the Republican Government. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    Today, Cartagena is a popular tourist destination known for its exciting mix of old and new architecture, exceptionally rich history, good local Spanish cuisine, and big range of various beverages. Besides cultural ventures, the city is known for its beautiful natural location surrounded by mountains, filled with remote beaches, and coves.

    Map of Cartagena


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    Cartagena from La Conception Castle, Spain
    La Conception Castle could be accessed by everyone, using the panoramic lift. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    Punic Wall (229-209 BC)

    The Punic Wall in Cartagena is a defensive wall built by Carthaginians before the second Punic Wars period somewhere between 229 and 209 BC. This cultural monument is among the top things to do in Cartagena because it is the only clearly visible remaining piece of the original Carthaginian Qart-Hadast. The wall was built in order to protect the city from the local enemies and potentially future confrontations with Romans. Being one of the most well-preserved Punic walls remaining, it is a very important archaeological site not only on the National scale but on a global as well. The Punic Wall in Cartagena is one of the very few archaeological remains of Carthaginians in Spain.

    Interesting that the remaining wall is facing the only land passage to the fortified part of the town. The first attempt to conquer Qart-Hadast by Romans failed miserably and had both tribunals slain together with their armies somewhere by these Punic walls. Nevertheless, the resilient Romans returned under the command of Publius Cornelius Scipio, a son, and nephew of the two commanders who died during the first attempt. He had his troops establish their base on Mount Mercury (Cabezo de los Motos), not too far from Cartagena. From there the Romans proceeded a blockade, though with limited results. The great Roman general had his difficulties penetrating the city’s walls but he wouldn’t be great if he didn’t. Scipio ordered some troops to trespass the salty lagoon from the north. Carthaginians didn’t respect enemies from that side, so the troops climbed the walls unnoticed after which they were able to open the main gates and let the rest of the army into the city. After this ingenious plan, most of the Carthaginians surrendered while a few fought their last on the hills of Conception and Molinete.

    Perfect junctions of the Punic Wall in Cartagena, Spain
    One of the most spectacular things about the Punic Wall is its precisely cut stones. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    In addition to the oldest defense fortress in Cartagena, you’ll get to see awkwardly uncomfortable macabre Dances of Death paintings in the 16-17th century Crypt of San Jose, which was excavated at the same time as the wall and seems to have been built within it.

    Roman Amphitheater (5-1 BC)

    The Roman Amphitheater of Cartagena is one of the best-preserved Roman theaters in Spain and the second largest in the Iberian Peninsula, falling under the equivalent in Merida, Extremadura. The amphitheater was built in 5-1 BC during the reign of the great Emperor Augustus and was dedicated to his grandchildren. At that time it originally seat up to 6,000 people. Today, due to its good condition and some renovations, the amphitheater is still used for cultural events such as plays and concerts.

    The Roman Amphitheatre in Cartagena, Spain
    The Roman Theater in Cartagena is one of the best-preserved amphitheaters in Spain. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    The amphitheater is the home to the archeology museum, where you can learn not only about the Roman past but the evolution of the surrounding area throughout the years. It was always in the center of Cartagena’s development – nowhere else the intermix of the cultures could be better observed in the city. The Roman Amphitheater could also be appreciated from the castle hill, but you can only learn more about its fascinating history if you decide to visit the museum.

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    Ermita de San Cristobal, Cartagena, Spain
    Ermita de San Cristobal was assembled within an old mill. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    Roman Fortuna House (I Century AD)

    The Roman Fortuna House in Cartagena is a museum offering a unique experience of taking a glimpse into the past of the daily life of Romans. The exposition is located in the former home of Patrician living in Cartagena. Here you’ll get to learn about the typical Roman upper-class villas, the museum also contains a collection of Roman artifacts that were found during the excavations in the area. Probably the most interesting remains of Fortuna House are the mosaics and mural paintings.

    The name of the house comes from the inscription “Fortuna”, located at the back door. This Latin phrase translates to “Good luck”. Roman houses typically included such inscriptions in the entrance to the home to welcome visitors and warm intruders.

    Swan in House Fortuna, Cartagena, Spain
    House Fortuna offers a unique opportunity to take a glimpse into lives of Patricians in the Roman Republic. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    Roman Forum (I Century AD)

    The Roman Forum of a rectangular site located in the center of the city. It measures approximately 100 x 50 meters. The Forum was the center of public life in the city during the Roman period. It was probably built in the 1st century BC and was in use until the 5th century AD. The Roman Forum was used for public speeches, meetings, and other events. Probably the most fascinating thing about this archaeological site is that the excavations never stopped and new artifacts and findings continue to emerge.

    The Roman Forum could be observed from Arqueológico Cerro del Molinete Park located on the hill near the site but if you want to learn more about this timeless site you can do so in the Molinete Roman Forum Museum. It is dedicated to the findings that were made in the area, including the Colonial Forum. the Sanctuary of Isis, the Port’s Thermal Baths, and the Atrium building. The museum contains a collection of Roman artifacts that were found in the area, as well as a number of other archaeological items.

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    La Conception Castle and the Roman Forum archeological site in Cartagena, Spain
    The panorama from Arqueológico Cerro del Molinete Park. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    Conception Castle (XIII Century)

    The Conception Castle was built in the 13th century by the Order of Calatrava to defend the city from attack. The castle is situated on the top of Conception Hill, overlooking the harbor and the city, which offers probably the best vistas over Cartagena. This site was used as a military base until the early 20th century, but today it is the perfect place to get closer to the history of the city. Before the current Christian castle, here stood a Roman temple dedicated to Asclepius, and a Moorish castle later on.

    The area around the Conception Castle is open to all visitors and could be accessed either on foot or by the panoramic lift. The castle itself could be visited for a fee and it offers even more beautiful vistas and some insights into the evolution of the city over more than two millennia.

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    Cartagena port, Spain
    The view from Conception Hill towards the ancient and current port of military. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    Modernist Architecture (XIX Century)

    One of the most pleasant surprises in Cartagena is its modernist architecture from the times of the gold rush in the XIX century. Advancing technologies made ‘depleted’ deposits from the Roman times profitable again, thus many traveled to the areas with high mining potential like Cartagena for a better fortune. At that time the city was partly destroyed during the Cantonal Revolution of 1873 making it a perfect storm for the construction of the new modernist buildings to reflect the sudden riches that Carthaginians experienced at this time. Everything was built in Art Nouveau and Art Deco styles to reflect the prosperity of Cartagena and its inhabitants.

    Gran Hotel de Cartagena, Spain
    One of the most beautiful buildings from Art Nouveau times – Gran Hotel de Cartagena. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    For recent years I’ve been living in Vienna, which is obviously no stranger to splendid Art Nouveau and Art Deco architecture, but the extravagance found in Cartagena from the XIX and XX centuries doesn’t stop to surprise me. Some buildings, like the Grand Hotel, we’re of course inspired by the modernist Viennese and French architecture. Other notable Art Nouveau masterpieces found in Cartagena include Aguirre Palace, Consistorial Palace, Casa Maestre, Casata Clares, Casa Cervantes, Casa Dorda, Casa Llagostera, Casa Zapata, and the Casino. Exploring the city in search of these masterpieces is a fun thing to do, though it is a bit heartbreaking at the same time because many of their architectural masterpieces are left to ruin, or partly destroyed already. With the current economic status of the city, Carthaginians don’t find a fit for such extravagant buildings.

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    Cartagena Streetview

    I have to admit, it took me quite a few visits before I started visiting museums. Cartagena is so much fun and rewarding to simply wander around and explore. It is like a book of history itself. See it yourself.

    Personal Experience

    Undoubtedly, Cartagena is one of my, if not THE favorite cities in the whole country. Nowhere else I have seen so much fascinating and difficult history of the Iberian Peninsula in such a small place. In Cartagena, it is absolutely normal to find Roman, Arab, Christian, and modern in such close proximity, almost on top of each other. The city is like a history book. Cartagena is an absolute must-visit for every culture and history fan, though nature enthusiasts will be surprised by the surrounding nature as well.

    Man at Cala Cortina in Cartagena, Spain
    Cartagena itself has no beaches but there are spectacular coves and sandy beaches in the surrounding area. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots
    Cala Cortina vista, Cartagena, Spain
    All content and photos by Alis Monte. If you want to collaborate, contact me on info@wp.connectingcosta.com Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

  • Ares del Maestrat: A Hidden Templar Castle Town

    Ares del Maestrat: A Hidden Templar Castle Town

    About Ares del Maestrat

    Situated in one of the least densely populated regions of the Valencian Community – Alto Maestrazgo, Ares del Maestrat, like the whole area is defined by nature, not by men. One can only wonder what brought the first settlers to this remote and from the first sight unhospitable area. It could be the beauty of nature itself or safety, but note that it is not unusual for Ares del Maestrat to be covered by snow during the colder periods of the year. The usage of firewood was a very common practice until recently. The locals’ livelihood was under nature’s mercy for at least a thousand years.

    The raison d’etre of Ares del Maestrat might lie in the name of the settlement with less than 200 inhabitants. As a matter of fact, there are plenty of towns named Ares from the Comtat region (north of Alicante) to the Pyrenees Mountains. Since they seem to be founded on the mountains, scholars link them to the Latin word “Aras” (eng. Altar), not Ares – “the animal”. To understand the reason behind it we must look a bit deeper into the past, to be precise to the times of Romans. It is now known that they made sacrifices to the Gods, most notably Mercury, once Romans passed a mountain pass, like the one at Ares del Maestrat.

    Today, relatively few tourists trespass this humble yet grandiose town. Ares del Maestrat is clearly overshadowed by some of the bigger names in the region, making it an even more charming destination. Sightseeing it is like visiting Morella without tourists but maybe Morella is Ares del Maestrat with tourists – you name it.

    Alto Maestrazgo in Castellon Province, Spain
    In Ares del Maestrat one feels like on the top of the world. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    Ares del Maestrat Details

    • Location: Alto Maestrazgo
    • Province: Castellón
    • Coordinates: 40°42′00″N 0°5′00″E
    • Distance from Valencia: 132 km / 82 mi
    • Distance from Barcelona: 245 km / 152 mi
    • Distance from Madrid: 410 km / 255 mi
    • First mentioned: 1233, source: Enciclopèdia Catalana
    • Population: Approximately 197 (as of 2021)
    • Area: 72.8 km² / 28.1 mi²
    • Elevation: 1,194 m / 3,917 ft
    • Weather: Ares del Maestrat forecast
    • Best time to visit: May through October, for warm weather hiking and exploring

    Map of Ares del Maestrat


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    View from Ares del Maestrat in Castellon, Spain 3
    The view from Ares del Maestrat are simply stuning. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    History of Ares del Maestrat

    Situated on 1 231 m / 4 039 ft, the castle of Ares del Maestrat only by pure coincidence was conquered by the Christians from Moors in either 1231 or 1232. It must be either the first date or the mountain was a meter taller one thousand years ago. One way or another, Ares del Maestrat is located in a very strategically important place. As a matter of fact, it was the first Castle captured by King Jaime I during the Christian Reconquista of the Iberian Peninsula in the area now considered the Valencian Community.

    Later on, it was passed to the almost mythical Order of Templar Knights, and their ‘ban’ to the Order of Montesa. Originally, it is thought that the Moors were the first ones to build a castle here. Still, it wouldn’t surprise me if Gaulic tribes first inhabited the castle-towns like Ares del Maestrat, Culla, and Morella much earlier because these towns look exactly like the Gaulic strongholds, described in Julius Ceasar’s diaries during his brutal conquest of Gaul.

    Ares del Maestrat & Mola d'Ares in Castellon Province, Spain
    Ares del Maestrat is situated almost at the top on Mola d’Ares. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    Nevertheless, even with the very widespread ignorance of the Iberian Peninsula’s past before the Spanish Reconquista among the local historians, more serious scholars admit that these areas, including Ares del Maestrat, have been inhabited for a long time. This is proven not only by archeologists but by the cave paintings, most notably in Cova Remígia with over 700 figures created approx 7 000 years ago. These paintings visualize activities like hunting and even honey collecting, which probably speaks of the local crafts during that period.

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    Streetview of Ares del Maestrat

    Other Things to do in Castellon


    From Valencia: Discover Morella and Peñíscola with tickets

    Discover two of the most beautiful towns in Spain, Morella and Peñíscola, on a day trip from Valencia.

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    From Dénia: Sunset Sailing Catamaran Cruise

    Enjoy a relaxing sunset catamaran cruise on the Mediterranean Sea by the cliffs of San Antonio.

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    Valencia: Oceanogràfic Entry Ticket:

    Visit the Oceanogràfic, Europe’s largest sea life center, and see diverse marine species.

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    Personal Experience

    Given the relatively high amount of Templar or other castles in the area, Ares del Maestrat is almost entirely forgotten. In my opinion, it doesn’t do justice. No other town in the province is elevated at these heights, even Morella. This alone gives Ares del Maestrat an unexpectedly eerie and mesmerizing atmosphere, but given its relatively close location to the coast, the contrast is taunting. Just in one hour, you could get from the buzzing streets of endless tourists to a tiny medieval village, rising more than a kilometer above sea level with nothing but green hills and mountains in the surrounding stunning landscape. The whole town seems to host fewer people than you can find in 20 sq m in some of the more busy towns situated on the coast. It is a truly magical escape from the worst to the best in terms of Spanish authenticity you could get.

    A short ride to Ares del Maestrat makes a perfect one-day trip from coastal towns like Bennicasim, Ortopesa, Torrenostra, Alcossebre, or even Peniscola (which is an architectural wonder of its own). You can even combine it with another medieval town-fortress Culla, or if you are quick – Vilafamés, which is listed as one of the top 100 most beautiful villages in Spain. Ares del Maestrat falls short of this list but I’m sure it is just because the Province of Castellon has so much to offer, and you can’t add them all. From my personal experience traveling Spain, Ares del Maestrat is no less attractive than any other small picturesque town found across the country.

    Panorama of Ares del Maestrat in Castellon, Spain
    All content and photos by Alis Monte, unless stated differently. If you want to collaborate, contact me on info@wp.connectingcosta.com Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

  • Morella: A Medieval Town Steeped in History & Culture

    Morella: A Medieval Town Steeped in History & Culture

    About Morella

    Nestled in the province of Castellon in the region of Valencia lies one of the truly charming villages of Spain – Morella. Known as one of the top 100 most beautiful villages in the country and one of the most beautiful towns in Castellon and the whole of Valencia, Morella is a hidden gem to outsiders’ eyes waiting to be discovered.

    Its location, perched high on a rocky hill, has given Morella strategic importance throughout its long existence. This is evident once you see the impressive castle of the town, a dominant feature of Morella, which has played a crucial role in protecting the town’s inhabitants and its cultural heritage. Another striking feature of Morella is its location on a high plateau. One might not notice at first but except for agriculture and roads, there are no signs of any human activities or settlements around the town. This becomes very obvious from Morella’s walls and towers during the night. It is pitch black.

    The town is not just a beautiful and historic town, however. It is also a place of warmth and hospitality, where visitors are welcomed with open arms. Morella’s streets are lined with whitewashed buildings adorned with balconies, and its plazas are lively gathering places for locals and visitors alike. There is always something happening in the town, from traditional fiestas and cultural events to weekly markets and fairs. With this article I hope to unveil this unknown tourist destination to foreign visitors to Spain, highlighting Morella’s rich history, culture, local foods, and most interesting landmarks.

    Morella castle in car mirror, Spain
    Morella is listed among the 100 most beautiful towns in Spain. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    Morella Details

    • Location: Els Ports
    • Province: Castellon
    • Coordinates: 40.6181° N, 0.0941° W
    • Distance from Castellon: 70 km / 43 m)
    • Distance from Valencia: 125 km / 78 mi
    • Distance from Zaragoza: 193 km / 120 mi
    • First mentioned: 11th century (Kitāb al-‘Udri / en. Book of the Glory of the Muslims in Spain)
    • Population: 2,700 (2021)
    • Area: 413.7 km² / 159.7 mi²
    • Elevation: 984 m / 3,228 ft
    • Forecast: Morella forecast
    • Best time to visit: Spring or fall

    Map of Morella


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    History of Morella

    Morella’s history is as rich and varied as the layers of stone in its castle walls. Unfortunately, this came not from goodwill but from necessity. The town’s origins can be traced as far back as the Bronze Age when the Iberian peoples inhabited the area. Later, the Greeks and then the Romans established a settlement here, which was known as Morviedro. The Visigoths conquered the town in the 5th century, followed by the Moors in the 8th century. Its complicated history is hard to uncover but one thing is for sure – everyone saw it as one of the crown jewels in their list of trophies.

    “Morella is not a place for any man in the world, but for a king, because it was worth as much as a county with its possessions.” – King Jaime I

    During the Middle Ages, Morella became an important frontier town, situated between the Christian and Muslim kingdoms. The town was heavily fortified, and its castle played a crucial role in protecting the town’s inhabitants from attacks. In the 13th century, the troops under King James I of Aragon conquered Morella and incorporated it into his kingdom. During the following centuries, it prospered as a center of agriculture and trade. It was also an important political center, falling in influence only after Valencia and Xativa. Morella’s Gothic church of Santa Maria was built during this time, as were many of the town’s other important buildings.

    You don’t have to be a genius to notice that Morella’s rich history is reflected in its many historical landmarks and cultural events. Visitors can explore the town’s castle, churches, and other important buildings, and learn about the town’s fascinating past. Morella’s historical legacy is a testament to the town’s enduring spirit and its determination to preserve its cultural heritage for future generations.

    Placa Arciprestal in Morella, Spain
    Giant stone walls and white-washed squeezed houses shape Morella. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    Sexenio de Morella Festival

    Morella is also known for hosting one of the most important festivals in the Valencian Community and one of the oldest festivals in Spain – Sexenio. It is expected to attract between 100,000-200,000 visitors within a span of 10 days in 2024. It so happens, that the festival happens only every 6 years and if you miss one, you might not get a chance for a second time. Due to its importance, the whole town got a cyclical rhythm of 6 years awaiting and preparing for the celebration of Sexenio. As a matter of fact, translated from Spanish “Sexenio” means “six-year term”, so its frequency shouldn’t surprise Spanish speakers. Originally it was celebrated on the third Sunday of August but the festival has expanded over the years. The next Sexenio de Morella is going to happen in 2024, August 17-26.

    It all began on February 14, 1673, when by the popular request of the people, the council of Morella declared that every six years the town will hold a celebration in honor of the Virgin of Vallivana out of gratitude for what she’ve done for Morella and its inhabitants. 1672 was a terrible year for the town. A terrible plague was ravaging Morella. Many died, and many more would have if it was not for the Virgin. When she arrived to the town, the Virgin of Vallivana was carefully assisted throughout the sick streets of Morella, and wherever she went, people got cured. For modern people, this must sound like a miracle but I believe that back then Morellans had no doubt of the powers of the Virgin. Therefore, Sexenio every six years is a thanksgiving to the savior of the town and its people.

    During the festival, the town is transformed with colorful decorations over every balcony and window within its limits. It is accompanied by constant traditional dancing and lively music. One of the main highlights of the festival is the procession of the “giants and big-heads”, which consists of giant puppets and people wearing oversized masks and costumes. In addition to the festive celebrations, the Sexenio de Morella also includes traditional religious ceremonies and cultural events. That is the raison d’etre of the festival after all. Sexenio is an important part of the town’s cultural heritage and is a time for the people of Morella to come together and celebrate their history and traditions. Visiting Morella during the Sexenio festival might be a good time to learn more about the unique character of this lovely yet mysterious town.

    The streets of Morella get empty only during the night.
    The streets of Morella get empty only during the night. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    Places to Visit in Morella

    Besides its medieval and eerie streets of the Old Town, Morella has some historical landmarks to visit that stand out from the rest and at the same time fill in the whole picture just perfectly. Its history and geographical location shape its image. Being a strategically important fortress and town, Morella’s fortifications clearly stand out, but at the same time its location in, sometimes, a very harsh northeastern part of the Iberian mountain system, put the inhabitants of the town at the mercy of some higher powers. Churches are plentiful.

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    Morella castle from Zaragoza - Vinaros road
    Morella castle dominates the scenery from miles away. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    Morella Castle

    The most iconic historical landmark and attraction in Morella is, of course, the castle that sits atop a hill overlooking the town and offers panoramic views of the surrounding countryside of Els Ports. The history of this castle is basically the history of Morella itself.

    The current castle dates back to the 13th century and has served as a military stronghold, a royal residence, and a prison. Today, visitors to Morella can explore the castle’s walls, towers, and courtyards, and take in the stunning views of the surrounding countryside. The castle’s museum houses an impressive collection of archaeological finds, medieval weaponry, and historical artifacts that provide a fascinating glimpse into Morella’s past.

    Santa Maria minor basilica in Morella of Castellon, Spain
    Based on historian Marqués de Lozoya opinion, Santa Maria minor basilica is the most beautiful gothic church in the region of Valencia. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    Basilica de Santa Maria la Mayor

    This Gothic-style church is located in the heart of Morella’s historic center and dates back to the 14th century. The church features impressive stained-glass windows, intricate stonework, and a large bell tower that can be climbed for views of the town. In 1958 it was granted a status of a minor basilica. Some say it is the most beautiful gothic church in the region of Valencia.


    Gates of Sant Miquel in Morella, Spain
    Portal de Sant Miquel are the main entrance to Morella. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    Portal de Sant Miquel

    Besides Morella castle and its walls, the Portal de Sant Miquel is the most distinctive historical landmark of the town. Constructed in the 14th century with an imposing stone arch and intricate carvings, it leads straight into the old town of Morella. The portal was originally part of the town’s defensive walls and served as an important entrance for travelers and traders. Most of the visitors will enter Morella through this portal straight into the narrow streets of the old town, where they can explore the many shops, restaurants, and historic buildings that make Morella such a popular destination.


    Convent of Sant Francesc in Morella, Spain
    The Franciscans were invited to the town by the Bishop of Tortosa. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    Convent of Sant Francesc

    This 14th-century Gothic-style old convent of Franciscan monks today is home to a museum that showcases the history and culture of Morella and its surrounding region. The museum includes exhibits on local crafts, traditional dress, and religious art. At the moment, it is closed down for renovation works but still, I found it one of the more interesting landmarks in the town.


    Aqueduct de Santa Lucia in Morella, Spain
    Besides being an interesting historical landmark, the aqueduct offers great vistas. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    Aqueduct of Santa Lucia

    At first sight, the structure might remind of a Roman-style aqueduct but actually, it dates back to the times millennia later, in the 14th century. In some sense, it somewhat makes it a more interesting historical landmark as Romans probably were better builders than Christians from this era. The Aqueduct of Santa Lucia consists of a series of arches and pillars, and is definitely an impressive feat of engineering that has stood the test of time. Like all aqueducts, it was built to supply water to the town from nearby springs. Visitors can hike along a path that follows the aqueduct to trace its origins, the route offers stunning views of the surrounding countryside and a unique perspective on this historic structure.


    Local products in Morella streets, Spain
    The main streets of Morella are filled with stores selling local crafts and products. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    Local Products & Gastronomy

    Besides its stunning appearance, Morella is known for its delicious local products and gastronomy, which reflect the region’s agricultural and culinary traditions. Terroir plays very well into the delicious products and traditional dishes of the town. You can predict what you’ll find on the menu of any given restaurant or tapas bar in Morella from the landscape’s panorama from the tall town’s walls. Morella is famous for its almonds, milk products, meats, dry meats, sausages, truffles, honey, and other foods, generally, listed as ‘land kitchen’. which can be found in local markets and shops. Visitors of Morella can sample these staple foods or the town’s traditional dishes almost anywhere in town, among the most popular are flaons. One can’t leave Morella without trying these gems. They could be acquired almost anywhere in town, most notably in one of the numerous bakeries. Real yummy.

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    Almonds around Morella, Spain
    Morella is surrounded by almond trees. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    Personal Experience

    Morella is a charming and authentic destination that offers visitors a taste of traditional Spain. With its rich history and culture, delicious local products and gastronomy, and stunning natural scenery, Morella is a hidden gem worth exploring. As a golden rule, the status of one of the most beautiful towns in Spain guarantees an exceptional experience and breathtaking dramatic sceneries. Nevertheless, despite being located less than an hour from the ever-busy Mediterranean coast of the region of Valencia, Morella gained the reputation it deserves only among the local tourists from Aragon, Valencia, and beyond.

    I especially enjoyed the calm setting of the inland Castellon in early spring, when Almonds were blooming. Morella is surrounded by hundreds of these iconic and typical Spain trees.

    Whether you are a history buff, a foodie, or an outdoor enthusiast, Morella has something to offer for everyone. So pack your bags and head to Morella for an unforgettable Spanish adventure.

    The countryside of Morella in Castellon, Spain
    All content and photos by Alis Monte, unless stated differently. If you want to collaborate, contact me on info@wp.connectingcosta.com Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

  • Top 5 Things to do in Seville, the Capital of Andalucia

    Top 5 Things to do in Seville, the Capital of Andalucia

    About Seville

    Sevilla is a fabulous city in the southern region of Andalucia in Spain. This exceptionally beautiful city has a very rich culture and history, its layers could be discovered in-between the streets of different cosy districts. The most notable period of Seville is the one that the city is the most famous, or infamous, for. The Andalucian Capital flourished in 16-18th, thanks to the discovery of the New World by Christopher Columbus in 1492.

    Today, the town is a major tourist destination, and home to many historic buildings and monuments. Due to its involvement with the Americas, Seville is noticeably much more popular with tourists from across the Atlantic. A visit to the old city is a must, especially the Plaza de Espana and the Alcazar Palace. The nightlife here is fantastic and the food is delicious. Plan to stay here for at least a few days, you’ll enjoy your time here.

    The historic old town of Seville, Spain
    Despite all the historic landmarks, it is the charm of its streets that makes Seville. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    Seville History

    The first settlers in what is now Seville were the Celts, who founded the city of Hispalis (modern-day Seville) in the 3rd century BCE. The Romans conquered the city in the 2nd century BCE and renamed it Hispalis. The city flourished under Roman rule and was made the capital of the province of Baetica. It was an important commercial centre and a base for the Roman navy. In the 5th century CE, the city was conquered by the Visigoths and renamed Spal. The city was sacked by the Vandals in the 6th century and was conquered by the Arabs in the 8th century. They renamed the city Ishbiliya and made it the capital of Al-Andalus. Seville flourished under Arab rule and became a major cultural and intellectual centre.

    The Christians reconquered the city in 1248, turning Seville into a key part of the Crown of Castile. As a result, the city’s economy flourished. In the 14th century, Seville experienced a brief Golden Age, with the construction of several important landmarks, such as the Gothic Cathedral and the current form of the Alcázar Palace.

    The columns of Hercules monument in Seville, Spain
    The Hercules Columns were taken from an actual Roman sanctuary in Seville. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    In 1481, a major outbreak of plague killed thousands of people, but the discovery of the New World in 1492 was the precursor to another prosperous period for the city. In 1503 Seville was chosen as the home for Casa de Contratación, which was the official Spanish trading house responsible for the regulation of colonial trade and emigration from Spain to the Americas. Being the only option to reach or trade with the Americas, resulted in merchants pouring to Seville from all across Europe.

    In the 17th century, the city declined in importance as Madrid eclipsed it as the new capital of Spain. However, Seville remained an important cultural center, and it was home to a number of notable writers, artists, and musicians.

    Torre del Oro, Seville
    Torre del Oro is one of the most visited landmarks in Seville, it was built by the Almohad dynasty in order to control access to Seville via the Guadalquivir river. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    The decline of Seville continued in the 18th century as the result of silting of the Guadalquivir River, which made navigating the river much more difficult. Most of the trade had to be moved to the nearby port by the Atlantic Ocean – Cadiz. Despite that, surprisingly, the Port of Sevilla is still operational and is located, on the left bank of the Guadalquivir River in the city. The port is Andalusia’s largest river port, as well as Spain’s fourth-largest inland port. It handles approximately 10 million tonnes of cargo per year.

    Map of Seville


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    The Cathedral of Seville, Spain
    It is hard to fit the Cathedral of Seville into a single shot. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    Guadalquivir River Cruise

    Guadalquivir River is one of those natural bodies that has shaped the existence and the development of the Civilizations throughout their existence in the area. It is the longest river in Andalucia and the fifth-longest in the Iberian Peninsula, flowing out from the Sierra Morena mountains in Andalusia. Guadalquivir River passes through the cities of Córdoba and Seville before finally reaching the Atlantic Ocean at the Gulf of Cádiz.

    Guadalquivir River cruise in Seville, Spain
    In the beginning, Seville could have only be accessed by Guadalquivir River. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    Seville was founded on the banks of Guadalquivir River, and for centuries it was the only way to reach the city from the sea. There is no better way to explore and understand the origins of Seville than a boat tour on the Guadalquivir. During the tour, it is possible to visit some of the most important monuments of Seville, such as the Torre del Oro, the Cathedral, the Giralda, the Reales Atarazanas, and the Plaza de España and the Isla Mágica theme park.

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    Royal Alcázar of Seville details

    The Alcázar of Seville is a royal palace in Seville but it was built as a fortress in the 11th century, on the site of the former palace of the Moorish ruler Abbad II. The palace was extended and remodelled in the 14th century by Pedro I of Castile, and it was further altered in the 15th century by his son, Henry IV. The palace was used as a royal residence until the early 19th century, when it was converted into a military barracks. It is the oldest royal palace still in use in Europe. The Alcázar was reopened to the public in 1931, and it is now one of the most popular tourist attractions in Seville.

    Royal Alcázar of Seville, Spain
    I haven’t seen the Royal Alcázar of Seville without long queue lines for tickets. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    The Alcázar is built in the Moorish style, with a mix of Christian and Islamic influences. The exterior of the palace is decorated with intricate patterns of tiles, known as azulejos. The interior of the palace is sumptuously decorated with tapestries, paintings, and carved woodwork. The palace has a number of gardens, including the famous Courtyard of the Lions, which is home to a number of marble lions. The Alcázar of Seville is one of the most beautiful examples of mudéjar architecture, and it is listed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.

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    Pro tip: The most economic way to see the beautiful castle is to buy the combi-ticket for Alcazar, Cathedral, and Giralda.

    The Cathedral of Seville, Spain
    The vast area around the largest cathedral in the world, made me feel like in Vienna. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    Seville Cathedral & La Giralda

    The Seville Cathedral (Spanish: Catedral de Santa María de la Sede de Sevilla) is the largest Gothic cathedral and the third-largest church in the world. It is also the largest cathedral in the world, as well as the largest church in the world that is not a basilica. It is the seat of the Archbishop of Seville. The cathedral is also known as the Cathedral of Saint Mary of the See.

    The exterior of the cathedral is characterized by its large size and its lavish decoration. The western facade is dominated by a huge carved relief of the Last Judgment. The interior of the cathedral is equally impressive, with a vast nave that is supported by numerous pillars. The nave is decorated with a number of frescoes, and the altar area is home to a number of sculptures, including a statue of the Virgin Mary. The southern side of the cathedral features a large rose window, while a massive tower dominates the north side. The tower is better known as Giralda and together with the Seville Cathedral, it is one of the most popular tourist attractions in Spain, and is one of the most visited buildings in the world.

    The Giralda of the Cathedral of Seville, Spain
    At the time, the Giralda 104.1 m / 342 ft was the tallest minaret in the world. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    The Giralda

    The Giralda is the bell tower of the Cathedral of Seville. It was registered in 1987 as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO along with the Alcazar and the General Archive of the Indies. The Giralda is the fitting symbol of the city of Seville, as it is its most recognizable monument. It is the former minaret of the Great Mosque of Seville which was converted into a bell tower after the city’s reconquest by the Christians in 1248. The Giralda was originally built in 1184 in Almohad architectural style. The tower is one of the most important examples of Moorish architecture in Spain. At the time of its construction, it was the tallest minaret in the world with a height of 97.5 m / 320 ft.

    The Giralda has a square base with four arches on each side. These arches are decorated with intricate carvings and inscriptions. The Giralda has 35 bells and the tower has three levels: The first level has a series of arches which lead to the second level; The second level has a series of balconies which provide views of the city; The third level has the bells. Visitors can climb to the top of the Giralda for a fee, which is also included in the combi-ticket to the Cathedral of Seville.

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    Plaza de España & Parque de María Luisa

    Parque de María Luisa is a public park that lies at the heart of Seville, together with a number of important landmarks, including the Royal Palace, the Cathedral of Seville, and the Alcazar. The area was declared Bien de Interés Cultural in 1993. The park was established in 1893 with the new and modern additions to the park were constructed for the 1929 Ibero-American Exposition which was held in Seville. That includes the famous Plaza de España, which took almost 15 years to be completed (1914 and 1928). It is a landmark example of the mix of Moorish, Baroque and Renaissance Revival styles in Spanish architecture.

    The Museum of Popular Arts and Traditions in Parque de María Luisa, Seville
    The Museum of Popular Arts and Traditions is a relatively unpopular architectural masterpiece in the corner of Parque de María Luisa. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    Plaza de España

    The Plaza de España complex is a huge half-circle with buildings continually running around the edge accessible over the moat by numerous bridges representing the four ancient kingdoms of Spain. Inside the plaza, there is a vast park with numerous fountains, gardens, and a monumental fountain at its center. The Plaza de España was featured prominently in the film Lawrence of Arabia, and more recently in Star Wars: Episode II.

    Plaza de España in Parque de María Luisa, Seville
    Plaza de España is segmented into 50 provinces of Spain. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    Today, Plaza de España is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Seville and is one of the most photographed spots in the city. The plaza is located in the heart of the city and is home to a number of important landmarks, including the Royal Palace, the Cathedral of Seville, and the Alcazar. The plaza is also a popular spot for locals and visitors alike to enjoy the city’s many festivals and events.

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    Triana

    The origins of the district of Triana in Seville date back to the Moorish period of the city’s history. The name Triana is derived from the Arabic word for “three”, and refers to the three main quarters of the district: Santa Cruz, San Marcos and San Lorenzo. The district was home to a large community of Moors, who were forcibly converted to Christianity following the city’s capture by the Christians in 1248.

    Calle San Jacinto in Triana, Seville
    Calle San Jacinto is the first thing most of people get to see in Triana. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    During the centuries that followed, Triana became an important centre for trade and commerce, as well as a hub for flamenco and bullfighting. The district is also famous for its ceramics, which have been produced here since the 16th century.

    In the 20th century, Triana was the scene of some of the most violent clashes between the police and anti-government protesters during the Spanish Civil War. The district was also home to a large number of Republican refugees during the Franco regime.

    Today, Triana is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Seville, thanks to its vibrant atmosphere and its many historical and cultural attractions.

    Setas de Sevilla, Spain
    Setas de Sevilla reminds of mushrooms and it is exactly how the name of it translates – mushrooms of Seville. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    Personal Experience

    There is no correct answer to the list of must-visit cultural and architectural landmarks in Seville. One thing I’m sure of is despite what you choose to do during your stay in the city, Seville will surprise you with its richness that could only be found in the Capital of Empires. In no other city in Spain, you’ll feel such a powerful nostalgic aura reminiscent of the greatest times for the country, during the conquest of the New World. These, of course, were catastrophic events for the local peoples of the Americas, but here in the Old Continent, Seville was among those who profited the most. Those events were tragic, but remember that all the centers of Empires are built at the expense of other peoples.

    Today, it is important to remember the history of Seville while embracing its magnificence and rich cultural impact. It has seen many Empires rise and fall but the city surpassed them all. Seville is a must-visit for every enthusiast of history or culture. 

    Taking a photo at Plaza del Cabildo, Seville
    Taking a photo at Plaza del Cabildo. Photo by AL [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots
    Plaze de America with the Museum of Archeology in the background
    All content and photos by Alis Monte. If you want to collaborate, contact me on info@wp.connectingcosta.com Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

  • Peniscola, Valencia Travel Guide to Castle & History

    Peniscola, Valencia Travel Guide to Castle & History

    About Peniscola

    The Gibraltar of Valencia, the most underrated town in Spain, the city in the sea, as interesting as it is, Peniscola gets many different names for many different reasons. It is not unjustified, the town has a very interesting history. Throughout the ages, many different factions found Peniscola as their home: Iberians, Phoenicians, Greeks, Carthaginians, Knights Templar, and, finally, the famous Antipope Benedict XIII, locally known as Papa Luna, found refuge until his death in 1423. Peniscola castle was a suitable fortress for the declining religious leader, who out-of-fear of being attacked, reinforced this stronghold even further. The original constructions of the keep are attributed to the Templars, but they built it on the top of a Moorish Castle, which was probably built on an even older fortress.

    As a result, it is hard to tell which came first: Peniscola or Gibraltar, thus the name “The Gibraltar of Valencia” might be unfair. The name is rather due to the wide knowledge of Gibraltar. It feels like every fortification on a huge rock by the sea is called “the Gibraltar of something” these days. Meanwhile, Peniscola is relatively unknown to mainstream international tourism. Despite that, the town has a lot of visitors. It is nowhere close to being underrated, rather marks a blind spot of the English-speaking community. One way or another, Peniscola has a lot to show off, and knowingly or unknowingly, most of its visitors will be pleasantly surprised by the city in the sea. There is so much hidden underneath the bricks of Peniscola Castle that it might be a wise idea to hire a local guide to get the most of it.

    Church of Hermit in Peniscola, Castellon
    The views alone are worth visiting Peniscola Castle. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    Peniscola Castle

    Though the shape of the fortress is still intact, one can only truly visit Peniscola Castle using imagination. Only the rocks remain of what once a great castle with beautiful gardens and frescoes. Most of the fortress was restored and even some walls were added for the shooting of Anthony Mann’s movie “El Cid”. Today, Peniscola Castle is a popular tourist destination and righteously so. All thanks to an exceptionally rich history and the continuous appearances in the popular culture, including the iconic George R. R. Martin’s “Game of Thrones”. 

    Peniscola Castle from Artillery Park, Castellon
    The artillery park and the modern gardens of castle join the medieval walls with renaissance ones. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    Peniscola Details

    • Location: Plana Alta
    • State: Valencian Community
    • Coordinates: 40.3593° N, 0.3654° E
    • Distance from Valencia: 144.3km / 89.66mi
    • Distance from Barcelona: 221.4km / 137.57mi
    • First mentioned: 6th Century BCE (Hecateus)
    • Population: 7,447 (2018)
    • Area: 78.97 km² / 30.49 mi²
    • Elevation: 46 m / 151 ft
    • Forecast: Peniscola weather
    • Best time to visit: Late spring & early autumn
    • Accommodation: Booking.com

    Map of Things to See in Peniscola

    Peniscola Castle 3D map
    3D map of Peniscola historical city.
    The courtyard of Peniscola Castle, Spain
    During his residence, Papa Luna transformed the typical medieval Templar courtyard into papal gardens. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    How to get to Peniscola?

    Peniscola is located in the northern part of the Valencian Community – Province of Castellon, just below Ebro delta in Catalonia. The famous Spanish Mediterranean motorway AP-7 is situated right next to the town.

    Car is the recommended way of getting around in these parts of Spain. Check the map for the available parking locations.

    Peniscola Castle parking in Castellon, Spain
    During the peak times, the closest parking to Peniscola Castle is almost always full. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

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    By train

    There are local and inter-regional trains, connecting the Valencian Community with Barcelona and Cartagena, running by Peniscola. Unfortunately, the closest train station is located in the neighboring town, Benicarlo.


    By bus

    There is an intercity public bus running between Peniscola – Benicarlo – Vinaros. You can find the timetables here.


    By car

    Despite the direction you are coming from, Peniscola could be either approached by AP-7 motorway or N-340. Roads CV-141 and CV-140 connect the town to the motorways.

    Artillery park from Peniscola Castle, Castellon, Spain
    Peniscola is a little authentic oasis in the very touristic Mediterranean coast of Spain. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    History of Peniscola

    There are so many historic layers to Peniscola that often much of it is left out in mainstream tourism. Among examples of stories, which would be advertised almost anywhere else in Spain is the legend of Hannibal swearing an oath to his father, Hamilcar Barca, to never be friends with Romans; Nor nobody talks about the mythical Greeks, to whom the name origins of Peniscola is accredited to – Chersonesos – the Greek word for peninsula; For more than 500 years, Moors also had a castle here and referred to it as Baniskula. Those times must have had some great stories as well; And finally, almost anybody ever talks about the first settlers of the area – the iconic Iberian. During their reign, I imagine it was more of a natural wonder coupled with their shrines to appreciate the beauty of the whole magical setting.

    Whichever period you choose, it always appears that Peniscola captured the attention of people, there is no reason to assume that it wouldn’t capture yours. If you want to learn even more about the history of Peniscola, consider hiring a local guide for your tour to the castle and artillery park.

    Polvorin in Peniscola of Castellon, Spain
    The building known as the ‘Polvorin’ belonged to the Castle during the period of Knights Templar and was used as Templar tank. Now it is fully covered by seashells. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    The Templar Order in Peniscola

    During an exchange of holdings in Tortosa, in 1294 Peniscola was peacefully transferred from the Kingdom of Aragon to Templars Order to help protect the area from Muslims and pirates.

    The mighty Romanesque fortress of Peniscola was built between 1294 and 1307 by the Knights Templar, the same year they were evicted and arrested by James II of Aragon under the orders of Avignon Pope Clement V. The timing was such that the Order probably felt what was coming and built the castle in Peniscola as their final refuge. The fortress remained the main command center of the Knights Templar Order until 1312 when the same Pope disbanded the order under the pressure of King Phillip IV of France. 

    Throne room of Peniscola Castle, Castellon, Spain
    The romanesque room was used by all of its masters for receptions, hearings and solemn acts. Its ceiling is still reminiscent of its past with Templar symbols and iron rings, which used to hold lamps. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    After the Templar Order got dissolved, King James II of Aragon persuaded Pope John XXII to let him reorganize the properties of the former order in Aragon and Valencia as a frontier of defenses of the Christian domain against Moors and pirates in the Iberian Peninsula. Although the main base moved to Montesa Castle, Peniscola remained under the banner of the newly formed Order of Montesa.

    Peniscola Castle courtyard, Castellon, Spain
    Anitopope Benedict XIII transformed the second level of Peniscola Castle as his headquarters. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    Papa Luna of Peniscola

    Other than the Templar Order, Papa Luna (Antipope Benedict XIII) was the other popular figure to find its final refuge in the castle of Peniscola. In 1411, due to his persistence and refusal, the Antipope got expelled from the Christian Church, after which he moved from Perpignan to Peniscola. Benedict XIII converted Knights Templar Castle to his Papal seat, making it the third Holy See in the world together with Avignon and Rome.

    In 1406 Pope Gregory XII, situated In Rome, offered Papa Luna to resign together to elect a new Pope, who would reunite Christians, but he was stubborn and throughout his life, the rogue Pope never stopped believing that he is the only true reign to be the Head of the Christian world. During his life in Peniscola Castle, Papa Luna worked tirelessly to protect his rights and position as legitimate Pope, leaving a body of written work that was his final legacy of colorful life. Benedict XIII lived in Peniscola Castle until he died in 1423. 

    Papa Luna statue in Paniscola Castle, Spain
    Today Papa Luna is the most famous theme character in Peniscola. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    The Fortress remained the Papal seat to his successor, Antipope Clement VIII, who after an agreement with Rome, agreed to abandon his positions in favor of recognizing Pope Martin V. That terminated the remains of Avignon Papacy and ended the saga which officially destroyed the legendary Templar Order. Though the fruits of their knowledge and skills remain to this day.

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    King Phillip IV of France

    Personally, it feels to me like King Phillip IV of France was the main antagonist of this whole historical period, and he turned out as a clear winner. He owned large sums of money to both Knights Templar and Jews and decided to get rid of both with the excuse of them being a state within a state. Seeing the end of the most powerful order of Crusaders was no easy task. As a result, King Phillip IV of France had to confront the Pope itself, which resulted in a victory against the Holy See and Papal clergy transfer to the enclave of Avignon, just under the wing of the victorious King. As I mentioned before, both the Knights Templar and the line of Popes and Antipopes, originated from Avignon, met their end in Peniscola Castle. King Phillip IV of France came out on top of all religious institutions.

    Peniscola Castle in Castellon Province of Valencian Community, Spain
    The actual name of the town, Peniscola, comes from a local evolution of the Latin word “Peninsula”. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    The Bastion of Rennaisance

    The city in the sea got its final iconic shape and fortifications during the Renaissance. In 1563, during the reign of Felipe II, an Italian architect J. B. Antonelli visited Peniscola and projected the current form of the fortress. It was a modern type of fortification, many haven’t heard the word “bastion” before the transformation. It was constructed in a shadow of a possible confrontation with another superpower at the time – the Ottoman Empire. Luckily, Peniscola Castle never got to experience the battle it was built for.

    Peniscola Bastion tunnels, Castellon, Spain
    Some tunnels from artillery park lead to the old castle port – Porteta, others – outside the walls. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

    Due to limited space, the architect had to be creative. The internal vaults were used to establish arsenals, mess halls, and munitions dump. These areas were used to house a school for children between 1912 and 1971. The spaces of gunboats were used as windows of the classrooms.

    Photo Gallery of Peniscola

    Church of Hermit in Peniscola, Castellon, Spain
    Church of Hermit was built between 1708 and 1714 on an older chapel. Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots

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    Personal Experience

    While I have heard that Peniscola is an exceptionally beautiful and interesting town, I didn’t expect it to have such a rich history. Combined with the authenticity, it was a pleasant surprise. Peniscola is like a gust of fresh air along the coast full of hotels and various entertainment facilities, which have emerged only in relatively recent years to support the growing tourism. The mild weather and warm sea on the Mediterranean coastlines of Spain is the main attraction for most of the visitors, therefore it is a sweet treat to find such a historic bastion for a change. 

    The experience of visiting the castle itself was no ordinary tour to any given museum of similar origins. While the very heart of the city is a part of the fortress, the very tip of it on Peniscola rock oversees it all. The area surrounding the castle sorts out in front of your eyes like a map. No surprise, the Knights Templar, Antipope Benedict XIII, and many others, having as many enemies as they had, found Peniscola as a natural spot for a fortress. As a result, Peniscola is a very rich and picturesque tourist destination – for sure worth a day-visit or more. 

    Panorama view from Peniscola Castle, Castellon
    All content and photos by Alis Monte. If you want to collaborate, contact me on info@wp.connectingcosta.com Photo by Alis Monte [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Connecting the Dots